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CNC Feeds & Speeds

CNC Turning Reference

Turning reference covering cutting speed, spindle RPM, feed per revolution, CSS and rigidity considerations.

Start With Workpiece Diameter

Turning calculations use workpiece diameter at the cut, cutting speed and feed per revolution. Keep those quantities separate from milling tooth feed. A saved RPM value belongs to a particular diameter; reusing it on another diameter changes surface speed even when the spindle command is identical.

Convert Feed In The Correct Convention

First calculate RPM from the selected cutting speed and current diameter. Multiply RPM by feed per revolution when the required output is linear feed per minute. Check the control feed mode before copying a result into a program, because the expected unit depends on the machine and active settings.

Understand Constant Surface Speed

Constant surface speed (CSS) can change RPM as the machined diameter changes. During a facing move, the control may raise RPM as it approaches a smaller diameter. Review the spindle ceiling and the machine documentation; this reference does not select or validate a CSS command.

Keep The Physical Setup With The Numbers

Part stick-out, tool overhang and workholding can affect the usable cutting condition. Record those details with the source tooling data and actual spindle setting. When moving a proven operation to another machine, compare the setup as well as the arithmetic before assuming the previous feed remains suitable.

Open The Relevant Calculator | Review Formulas And Units

Read The Diameter And Feed Convention Together

The RPM and feed article separates linear feed from feed per revolution. Read the SFM guide when the tooling reference uses imperial surface speed. For actual inputs, the turning workspace provides diameter, linear-feed and removal-rate checks without simulating a full CSS profile.

Primary Turning Reference

Sandvik Coromant general turning formulas define machined diameter, feed and radial depth. Keep those variable definitions with a removal-rate or time calculation so a diameter reduction is not mistaken for radial cutting depth.

Turning Reference Questions

Why Does Facing Need A Diameter Check?

Cutting diameter changes along the face. At fixed RPM that changes surface speed; CSS can instead change RPM subject to the control and spindle limits.

Where Can I Check A Lathe Feed Value?

The turning workspace shows the forward feed calculation and provides a reverse feed-per-revolution check.

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